3D P-WAVE VELOCITY STRUCTURE AT THE NORTHEASTERN MARGIN OF ORDOS BLOCK     

HAN Xiao-ming  Liu Fang  ZHANG Fan  CHEN Li-feng  LI Juan  LI Shuan-hu  YANG Hong-ying 《地震地质》2018,40(1):215-231

Using the 7 100 absolute first arrivals of P waves and 91 513 relative P arrival times of 726 events at the northeastern margin of the Ordos block since 2009, the 3D fine structure of P wave velocity within the depth of 15km in the crust was inverted by the double difference seismic tomography method. The results show that there exist obvious high-speed continuous bodies in the northwest of the study area, and their lateral areas increase gradually with depth, while the velocity of east and south is relatively low. The velocity inhomogeneity exists and differs at different depths. The lateral differences of velocity are related to seismicity and faults. The 5~15km depth profile shows that earthquakes tend to occur in the area with relatively high velocity or high speed transition zones, which to some extent reflects the fragility of regional crustal media and the strong differential movement of faults in vertical and horizontal directions where the crust body is easy to absorb and store strain energy and generate major earthquakes. A "Y"-shape low-velocity channel is present in the lower crust around Liangcheng, corresponding to the NW-trending Heilaoyao-Shahukou fault set, which may reveal the migration path of the Late Tertiary-Quaternary basalt eruption. The Helingeer M6.2 earthquake in 1976 was related to the formation of the locking section of the thermal welding in this area. The three-dimensional fine structure of P wave velocity presented in this paper provides intuitive seismological evidence for physical and chemical properties of crustal media and the deep tectonic environment of earthquake preparation.  相似文献   

含孔隙介质的分层半空间表面瑞利波的衰减特性          下载免费PDF全文

阎守国  谢馥励  张碧星 《地球物理学报》2018,61(2):781-791

以分层半空间内部含有一层孔隙介质为物理模型进行数值计算，研究半空间表面瑞利波的传播和衰减特性.为更加接近实际，结合瑞利波的激发特性，确定了瑞利波的主衰减曲线，并主要以此进行规律分析.针对速度递增和含低速层这两种典型的地质模型，讨论了瑞利波的传播衰减在不同地质模型下的特性，并分析了各自的规律.结果表明，在这两种模型下瑞利波的主衰减曲线都受孔隙介质所处空间位置影响产生比较明显的变化，但衰减系数极大值对应的波长与模型的表层厚度存在较明显的线性对应关系，利用这一关系，可以在实际勘探中快速得到表层介质厚度.另外，通过对比分析还可以看到，瑞利波主衰减曲线随孔隙介质的孔隙度和渗透率的变化都强于主频散曲线的变化，表明衰减曲线对孔隙度和渗透率的变化更加敏感，理论上更加适合进行介质参数反演工作.综合对比结果，我们认为瑞利波主衰减曲线中包含了更丰富的介质参数信息，如果能够有效利用，将可以提高瑞利波勘探的准确性和应用范围.  相似文献   

地震槽波的数学-物理模拟初探   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

皮娇龙  滕吉文  刘有山 《地球物理学报》2018,61(6):2481-2493

针对地震槽波在低速层的传播特性，开展了煤层内地震槽波勘探的数值模拟和物理模拟研究的初探工作.在数值模拟研究方面，采用交错网格有限差分法对煤层中的地震槽波进行三分量全波场模拟.基于波场快照和人工合成地震记录研究了不同模型中的波场特征和各种波型的传播规律.在物理模拟方面，通过选用不同配比的环氧树脂和硅橡胶类材料构建地震槽波物理模型，利用透射法和反射法观测系统获得了清晰的地震槽波记录以研究槽波的地震学特征.研究表明，在煤层内槽波的地震波场中，Love型槽波的能量小于Rayleigh型槽波的SV分量，大于Rayleigh型槽波的SH分量.相对于Love型槽波和Rayleigh型槽波的SH分量，Rayleigh型槽波的SV分量在围岩中的泄露能量较强.在煤层界面附近的围岩中，地震波仍以槽波形式传播，随着距离的增加能量逐渐衰减.随着煤层变薄，煤层槽波主频向高频方向移动，频散现象增强，传播速度增大.  相似文献   

非饱和土中剪切S波的传播特性分析          下载免费PDF全文

柳鸿博  周凤玺 《地震工程学报》2020,42(4):960-966

基于对非饱和多孔介质的研究成果,考虑孔隙中的液相和气相的相互影响,研究非饱和土地基中剪切S波的传播特性。通过非饱和土中固相、液相和气相的质量平衡方程、动量平衡方程和非饱和土有效应力原理,建立问题的弹性波动方程,经过理论推导给出非饱和土中剪切S波的弥散特征方程。通过数值算例分析剪切S波的波速和衰减系数随饱和度、频率和固有渗透系数等因素的变化规律。结果表明,剪切S波的波速几乎不受饱和度的影响,但其随着频率的增大而减小,随着固有渗透系数的增大先不变后增大;剪切S波的衰减系数随着饱和度和频率的增加均增大,而随着固有渗透系数的增大先不变后增大最后减小。  相似文献   

复杂地震激励下隔震结构地震响应研究进展   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

张克纯  李凝志 《地震工程学报》2020,42(5):1270-1275,1336

隔震技术作为当前最有效的结构减震控制技术之一，在世界各国高烈度地区广泛建造。随着隔震技术的大范围推广，建造工况更为复杂的隔震工程随之不断涌现。系统深入研究复杂地震激励下隔震结构地震响应，是隔震工程长期安全服役的重要保障，也是隔震技术能够不断完善和推广的坚实基础。本文从复杂地震激励涵盖的多维地震、近场和近断层地震、行波效应以及土与结构相互作用四个主要方面入手，依据国内外相关文献开展综述，探讨了复杂地震激励下隔震结构研究存在的问题，并对此进行展望。  相似文献   

点吸收式波浪能俘获装置结构优化方法研究     

王鑫  李大鸣  王兵振  韩林生 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(2):293-297

根据布设海域波浪能资源特征,对点吸收式波浪能装置结构进行优化,可有效提高装置的能量俘获效率。本文以威海褚岛北部海域为装置布设目标海域,在对该海域波浪资源特征进行统计分析的基础上,计算得到装置的直径,同时利用数值软件计算出多组工况下点吸收装置吃水深度和装置固有周期的对应关系,并利用统计学方法得出装置固有周期随吃水深度的变化规律,进而分析得出装置在该海域的最佳设计吃水深度,为点吸收波浪能装置结构优化设计提供了新的思路。该方法对于其他技术类型波浪能装置的结构优化设计同样具有借鉴意义。  相似文献   

我国海洋动力灾害研究进展与展望   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

侯一筠  尹宝树  管长龙  郭明克  刘桂梅  胡珀 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(4):759-767

海洋动力灾害(包括灾害性海浪、风暴潮、海冰、海啸等)是对我国沿海地区造成破坏和损失最大的自然灾害之一。开展海洋动力灾害研究具有重要意义和迫切的国家需求。本文回顾我国建国以来在海洋动力灾害研究方向的主要进展,重点针对近年来我国在海洋动力灾害数值模拟预报以及灾害风险评估等方面的进展进行综述,并在此基础上提出未来的发展展望,希望给海洋防灾减灾科研工作者提供参考。  相似文献   

海岸波浪多次破碎波能耗散模型   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

闫圣  邹志利 《海洋学报》2020,42(9):30-37

在坡度很缓(接近或小于1∶100)的海岸，波浪在向海岸传播的过程中，可能经历多次破碎，而在两次波浪破碎之间将伴随着波浪恢复(波浪恢复到不破碎状态)。在现有海岸波高计算模型中，波浪破碎是通过波能耗散来模拟的，但所采用的波能耗散模型都不能自动考虑波浪出现多次破碎的过程，特别精确模拟这一过程中出现的波浪恢复。本文提出了解决这一问题的新的波能耗散模型，模型的建立是通过在Dally模型中重新建立稳定波能、饱和波高水深比和波能耗散系数，并引入了波浪恢复的判断条件实现的。该模型的波能耗散在波浪恢复区的值很小故能描述波浪恢复区的波浪运动。与实验结果的对比表明，新模型可以适合缓坡情况波浪多次破碎的波高模拟，而且对不同坡度的平坡和沙坝海岸(1∶100～1∶10)的破碎波模拟都可以给出与实验结果符合的结果，并且可以自动识别多次波浪破碎的存在和波浪恢复的发生。  相似文献   

北极薄冰-煎饼冰区域中不同重力波驱动形成海流的敏感性分析     

张雪妍  戴海瑨  赵军  殷何卿 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(3):123-129

A coupled ocean-ice-wave model is used to study ice-edge jet and eddy genesis during surface gravity wave dissipation in a frazil-pancake ice zone. With observational data from the Beaufort Sea, possible wave dissipation processes are evaluated using sensitivity experiments. As wave energy dissipated, energy was transferred into ice floe through radiation stress. Later, energy was in turn transferred into current through ocean-ice interfacial stress. Since most of the wave energy is dissipated at the ice edge, ice-edge jets, which contained strong horizontal shear, appeared both in the ice zone and the ocean. Meanwhile, the wave propagation direction determines the velocity partition in the along-ice-edge and cross-ice-edge directions, which in turn determines the strength of the along-ice-edge jet and cross-ice-edge velocity. The momentum applied in the along-ice-edge(cross-ice-edge)direction increased(decreased) with larger incident angle, which is favorable condition for producing stronger mesoscale eddies, vice versa. The dissipation rate increases(decreases) with larger(smaller) wavenumber, which enhances(reduces) the jet strength and the strength of the mesoscale eddy. The strong along-ice-edge jet may extend to a deep layer(> 200 m). If the water depth is too shallow(e.g., 80 m), the jet may be largely dampened by bottom drag, and no visible mesoscale eddies are found. The results suggest that the bathymetry and incident wavenumber(magnitude and propagation direction) are important for wave-driven current and mesoscale eddy genesis.  相似文献   

Wave Attenuation Performance and the Influencing Factors of A Lower Arc-Plate Breakwater     

LI Xue-yan  WANG Qing  YOU Zai-jin  GUO Wei-jun  ZHANG Jun-bin  ZHAN Chao  ZHANG Zhi-chen  WANG Li-xue  LI Qin 《中国海洋工程》2020,(1):89-98

Comprehensive experimental and numerical studies have been undertaken to investigate wave energy dissipation performance and main influencing factors of a lower arc-plate breakwater. The numerical model, which considers nonlinear interactions between waves and the arc-plate breakwater, has been constructed by using the velocity wave- generating method, the volume of fluid (VOF) method and the finite volume method. The results show that the relative width, relative height and relative submergence of the breakwater are three main influencing factors and have significant influence on wave energy dissipation of the lower arc-plate open breakwater. The transmission coefficient is found to decrease with the increasing relative width, and the minimum transmission coefficient is 0.15 when the relative width is 0.45. The reflection coefficient is found to vary slightly with the relative width, and the maximum reflection coefficient is 0.53 when the relative width is 0.45. The transmission and reflection coefficients are shown to increase with the relative wave height for approximately 85% of the experimental tests when the relative width is 0.19 0.45. The transmission coefficients at relative submergences of 0.04, 0.02 and 0 are clearly shown to be greater than those at relative submergences of 0.02 and 0.04, while the reflection coefficient exhibits the opposite relationship. After the wave interacts with the lower arc-plate breakwater, the wave energy is mainly converted into transmission, reflection and dissipation energies. The wave attenuation performance is clearly weakened for waves with greater heights and longer periods.  相似文献